To achieve these major goals, PAD is subdivided into three main components: The Local Conflict Management Unit (LCMU), the Reform and Democratisation Unit (RDU) and the Regional Relations Cell (RRC). These structures cooperate as required on cross-cutting issues.

• Reform and Democratisation Unit (RDU) 

  RDU monitors and analyses the activities of national institutions (Presidency, Government, Parliament, Judiciary, etc.), political parties and coalitions as well as non-governmental actors, against the backdrop of challenges to peace and security, in particular in Eastern DRC. We organise several activities in this area.

   

  • Discussions with Congolese and international partners to advocate the need to continue legislative and governance reform, in order to strengthen democratisation.
  • The identification of national issues, which may potentially affect developments in North and South Kivu, given the focus of the Mission on the situation in the East. 
  • Support to main legislative and institutional reforms, in particular fiscal decentralisation, the administrations of justice, and overall political and economic governance. 
  • Advocacy campaigns to support reforms and encourage the emergence of responsible and accountable state and non-state actors involved in the policy-making process, in order to foster peace, security and development nationwide. 
  • Technical Assistance to Congolese reformers and the donor community engaged in strategic projects aimed at improving financial and administrative governance. 
  • Monitoring of crosscutting issues such as gender and political processes, electoral assistance, etc.
• Local Conflict Management Unit (LCMU)

LCMU analyses conflicts and threats to peace and security in Eastern and Western DRC, with a special focus on Provinces with the highest threat levels: North Kivu, South Kivu, Province Orientale (Ituri, Bas-Uélé and Haut-Uélé).

We do prevention and early warning! 

• We identify instability factors, working closely with Political Affairs Officers in the field, and focusing on regions at risk of instability and violence.
• We monitor, analyse and provide early warning on conflict trends, focusing on root causes and “trigger events”. Special attention is paid to political, socio-economic and military developments resulting in conflicts, notably ethnic tensions, land disputes, economic issues, IDPs, SSR, DDR, activities of political parties, etc. 
• We provide valuable inputs for conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms, including third party mediation, roundtable conferences, dialogue, security sector reform, etc. This requires field visits and assessment missions to our various areas of responsibility. 
• We elaborate strategic concepts and recommendations for crisis prevention and management. This entails the preparation of factual, analytical, policy and strategy papers, notes to the file, talking-points, etc.

We provide mediation services and reconcile communities

In this chapter, activities include:

• Advice and support for the use of good offices and mediation by the SRSG, DSRSG, Heads of Office (HoO), etc. Our inputs include strategic concepts and recommendations for conflict management, as well as the development and the implementation of community reconciliation strategies. We particularly support initiatives by specialised international and national NGOs to promote inter-community understanding through sensitisation. Recent Initiatives by state and international actors to establish conflict resolution and stabilisation mechanisms include the AMANI Programme for Peace and Development in the Kivus, the integration of armed groups into national institutions, the Nairobi Communiqué and the repatriation of foreign armed groups, the DRC’s Stabilisation and Reconstruction Plan (STAREC), etc.
• Technical advice to provincial and national authorities in the formulation of stabilisation policies, which fit into the initiatives of non-governmental actors and international partners. 
• Support to parliamentary activities or Government commissions of inquiry and joint verification mechanisms established at times of crisis. 
• The implementation of the 23-March Peace Agreements between the Government and armed groups, as well as related stabilisation developments (political and military integration), in collaboration with RDU (Reform and Democratisation Unit) and RRC (Regional Relations Cell). 
• Research on the business models of armed groups and macroeconomic developments in the DRC, including mining, oil and forestry issues, which are among the root causes of conflicts. 
• Coordination of the report of the Group of Experts on the DRC, on the basis of UN Security Council Resolution 1857. 
• Cooperation between the DRC and the donor community, notably the IMF and the World Bank to secure required funding for the execution of pacification projects: DDR, DDRRR, etc.

In close collaboration with MONUC Liaison Offices in Kampala, Kigali and Pretoria, RRC analyses regional relations in the Great Lakes and their impact on the consolidation of peace in the DRC. In this regard, we have developed a wide range of activities:

• Interactions with Congolese and regional actors to advocate regional cooperation and the improvement of diplomatic relations. In this case, we monitor relations between DRC and Rwanda, Burundi /CEPGL, as well as relations with Uganda and Sudan, especially developments on the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). In Southern Africa, we lay particular emphasis on relations with Angola, South Africa and Zambia as well as activities of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). 
• Liaison as required (in coordination with LCMU) with SESG Obasanjo’s team to monitor the effects of their activities on MONUC’s mandate. 
• Coverage of developments on the DRC-Rwanda Bilateral Commission, and its effect on MONUC’s mandate. We closely follow up developments on the ICGLR (Stability Pact), the African Union (AU) and sub-regional organisations to analyse their involvement in conflict resolution in the DRC.